Theories Regarding How the Pyramids at Giza Were Constructed Essay Example for Free

Theories Regarding How the Pyramids at Giza Were Constructed Essay The Great Pyramid of Giza is one of the key structures listed in the seven wonders of the ancient world. It is important to notice that what makes this structure supreme and memorable? This wonder was the tallest man made composition in 3800 years which is not only a will to its robustness but to mark it as the most remarkable structures. This monument exemplifies the accomplishments and advancements of architecture in Egypt (www. personal. psu. edu))t. There are many mysteries that are raised for its construction and also introduce different theories. It is important to notice that it is not the pyramid that is eye capturing but the method and process of creating it is certainly fascinating. There are two particular theories such as transport theory which is presented by engineer and inventor, Andrzej Bochnacki and Limestone concrete theory by Materials scientist, Joseph Davidovits that hold the focus of many historians and scientists Discussion One of the most refined pyramid construction theories has been proposed by Polish engineer, Andrzej Bochnacki. In the book of â€Å"Different Story about Pyramids†, Andrzej suggests very inventive technology for moving the pyramid blocks from the pits to the construction place. He presents the method from which the stones moved to making the entire pyramid. He said that they must have made the paper boats which were placed on the top of the blocks and knotted up with ropes (Bochnacki, 1994). These movable boats were in wait to raise the water of Nile and so they can be easily dragged to a preferred destination. The easiest way was to drag them to the west region of Nile where water flooded the fields. There is a sketch that portrays the moving of stones for making pyramid. Moreover, there is another great theory presented by Materials scientist, Joseph Davidovits. He claimed that Pyramid’s block are not the carved stone, but was mostly made from limestone concrete and they were forcefully thrown like modern concrete. As per this theory, soft limestone with high kaolinite capacity was tapped in the gully on the southern side of the Giza Plateau. He suggested that the limestone was then dissolved in Nile pools till it became slurry. It is important to notice that lime and natron are greatly in use in mummification by Egyptians. It might be possible that the pool were then allowed to evaporate, leaving a clay-like mixture. The scientist mentioned that this wetly concrete material will be carried to the site of construction where it would be filled into recyclable wooden molders and after few days it would undergo in a chemical reaction. , he suggested that new blocks can be casted in the place on the top of other blocks. This composition was tested by using the similar compounds which were brought out at the institute of geopolymer in northern France. It was discovered that these limes could pile a structure of 1. 3- to 4. 5-ton blocks in few weeks (Barsoum, Ganguly Hug, 2006). But it is essential to notice that this theory was not accepted by the mainstream of academics. Davidovits’ method does not cover the entire reasoning as the stones weighted more than 10 tons and his theory defines only 4. 5 tons growth. Moreover, different Geologists have cautiously inspected the suggested technique of Davidovits and concluded that his reasoning came from innate limestone tapped in the Formation of Mokattam. This theory is currently supported by Michel Barsoum, who is a researcher of material science. Barsoum and his fellows printed their findings at Drexel University which supports the theory of Davidovits in 2006 in the Journal of the American Ceramic Society. They further discussed that air bubbles and mineral compounds are the samples of limestone and the blocks of pyramid are not made up of natural limestone. I think that this theory holds certain reasons as a petrographer, Dipayan Jana also made a presentation in 2007 to the ICMA, in which he talks about the work of Barsoum and Davidovit and concluded that we are more far to accept the remote possibility of manmade structure of pyramid stones. Conclusion Certainly, the construction of Pyramid is mystery and many scientists and researchers have tried different methods to resolve this puzzling mystery. In my opinion, the theory of limestone concrete is more appropriate in its reasoning as it is based on the mere research of the stone material and certainly portrays the accuracy. The mystery holds great significance as it is about one of the world’s wonder that could not be easily left my scientist. The resolution to this mystery seems no ending as there are many discussions and debates have taken place regarding this construction enigma. The entire study of the Construct Pyramids at Giza was very interesting to know about the interest of people in ancient monuments and their origins. It certainly enhances the understanding about the cultural and historical usage of things and how people’s hard work and traditional ways brought outstanding creations.

An Inspector Calls :: English Literature

An Inspector Calls "An Inspector Calls" by J.B Priestley is a play about an inspector questioning a family about the suicide of Eva Smith. At the beginning of the play the Birling are celebrating the engagement of Sheila and Gerald. They are interrupted by Inspector Goole who informs them that an Eva Smith has committed suicide. The Birling family all deny an involvement but Inspector Goole manages to piece together the facts that in some way they were all involved in her death. When Inspector Goole leaves they all question whether he was a real inspector or not. Gerald, who had left the house, comes back with the information that he wasn't a real inspector after all. Then at the very end of the play the Birling family receive a telephone call that an Eva Smith has just committed suicide and an inspector will be coming to question them. John Boynton Priestley was on of the most popular, versatile and important authors of his day. Although he never wrote a bona fide masterpiece his work was still highly valued. he wrote sixteen novels but it was as a playwright and political/social thinker that Priestley was especially important. Politically Priestley was a patriotic socialist and he was passionately convinced of the need for social change to benefit the poor. During World War II his weekly broadcasts expressed his faith in ordinary people and he felt that "An Inspector Calls" helped labour win the election after the war (1945). As a socialist Priestley believed that we are all responsible for each other. I think that Priestley has written this play to convince people that his views as a socialist are correct. The fact he wrote the play in 1945 yet set the play in 1912 was so he could make the ideas of Mr. Birling seem ridiculous with the use of hindsight. Mr. Birling talks about how there won't be a war, no problems with worker relations and how strong the Titanic is. All of Birling's ideas are shot down because there was a war with Germany, there was a general strike and the Titanic sank on it's maiden voyage. In turn this makes the Inspector's and Priestley's ideas of socialism seem correct. Priestley also wrote this play to make people realise that they are responsible for their own actions. Some of the characters in the play do not accept the fact that they were partly responsible for the death of Eva Smith. Eric and Sheila knew they had done wrong and regretted their part in her death. Sheila says, "And I know I'm to blame-and I'm desperately sorry." This indicates that Sheila wants to change her ways.

A Beautiful Mind Characterization and Dialogue

Writing Portfolio The 2001 biopic/drama film ‘A Beautiful Mind’, directed by Ron Howard is a prime example of a text in which visual and verbal techniques are used to develop the personality of a character. An important job for the director of any film is to establish a framework and personality for the protagonist. ‘A Beautiful Mind’ is no different, and visual and verbal techniques are used effectively to develop the personality of John Nash.But because Ron Howard is dealing with a very complex character in the form of a paranoid schizophrenic mathematician, his personality is forever changing and the differing film techniques achieve this. As this film is a biopic/drama drawn into one, the viewer follows Nash’s life over a number of years. Nash faces many tricky dilemmas and the way he deals with these situations are conveyed to the audience, using these film techniques. Nash (who is portrayed by Russell Crowe) changes drastically throughout the te xt, because he suffers from paranoid schizophrenia.Director Ron Howard uses the technique of ‘characterisation’ to adapt his personality in different ways. Throughout the text, the viewer is introduced to several ‘imaginary characters’, who are in fact delusional figures created by Nash. The first component of the ‘characterisation’ technique is when director Ron Howard chooses to introduce these characters. Often injected at great times of stress for Nash, the delusion characters normally create further dispute between Nash and his real life companions.An important stage of the text is just after the climax, where Howard chooses to include and remove Nash’s best friend Charles (in the form of the actor). Nash is preparing a bath for his baby son, while wife Alicia is outside tending to the washing outside. But because Nash suffers from schizophrenia, he is delusional and believes his friend Charles is watching the baby. For the viewer, all that is witnessed is the baby lying in the bath, crying it’s lungs out as water seeps over its head. Nash’s personality is developed negatively in this scene. For the viewer, Nash is developed negatively because of these delusions.The delusions put his baby sons life at risk, and also cause a further rift between Nash and his wife Alicia. In earlier scenes, Nash’s friend Charles was in fact present to the viewer in the form of the actor (portrayed by Paul Bettany). The effort to include the actor in these earlier scenes is a bid by the director to create the same realism for Nash, as for the audience. But in later scenes, the removal of Bettany and other cast members changes the viewer’s perspective of this protagonist. As the actor is no longer present, the viewer is forced to side with Alicia in thinking John Nash is delusional.The viewer here, is easily able to pin point the affects that paranoid schizophrenia has on Nash, and other sufferers of th at disorder. Characterisation is important, as in these later scene his personality is changed into a very confused man. The confident, charming and intelligent John Nash of Princeton University is instantly transformed personality due to the including and removing of key characters. These key characters not only include Charles, but also his niece Marcee and Special Forces Operative William Pacher. Dialogue is another technique (this time verbal) which is important in developing the personality of character John Nash.Director Ron Howeard opts to portray Nash as an arrogant and scornful outsider in the opening scenes of the film. During these stages, dialogue is crucial to develop this personality. â€Å"There must be some mathematical formula for how bad that tie is†, Nash statesto a fellow student on his first day at Princeton. While later, he criticises his co-recipient scholarship winner Martin Hansen by announcing â€Å"There isn’t one seminal or innovative ideaà ¢â‚¬  in either of his pre-prints. These quotes are just two extracts of dialogue from the early scenes of the text which develop this arrogant and scornful personality.As the text continues and his problems with schizophrenia are developed, the idea of Nash being an outsider is put in place. Another form of dialogue is important in the closing scenes of the text. Nash’s personality has transformed remarkably from his younger days. In his elder years, he is back teaching at Princeton. Nash is a much more mellow man in these scenes and dialogue is again used as a technique to develop this personality. After being nominated for the Nobel Prize, Nash concludes during his reception speech. â€Å"Perhaps it’s good to have a beautiful mind, but it’s an even greater gift to discover a beautiful heart†.This piece of dialogue is essential in reflecting the more mellow character that Ron Howard chooses to develop. In earlier scens, Nash is arrogant, scornful and p re-occupied to solve an innovative maths formula. Combined with his schizophrenia, this results in Nash being regarded as an outsider. In these times, he is greatly supported by his wife Alicia, as she deals with his mental disorder also. By Nash saying ‘an even greater gift is to have a beautiful heart†, proves that does identify the most important thing in life, which is his family.His eternal love for Alicia and their son, is more important than solving mathematical formulas, and his dialogue re-iterates this changed persona. No longer is Nash a scornful outsider, and his great love for Alicia (in which he again displays) is seen more favourably by the viewers of the text and develops a nicer personality of Nash. All respect to Russell Crowe, who portrays the life of a paranoid schizophrenic fantastically, it’s the crucial visual and verbal techniques implemented by the director that implement this. Nash’s personality is troubled and he is presented as d angerous during the bath scene with his son.By the removal of actors playing the delusional characters in the film, the viewer is truly able to see how disdurbed Nash is because of his illness. While the dialogue is unsed in the opening an clothing scenes to change Nash’s personality from an outsider, to a more open and affectionate man. Nash’s personality in the earlier scenes, is probably related to schizophrenia in general. People who suffer from the illness are often felt alone and compainionless. Ron Howard’s ability to truly reflect the persona of a PSD sufferer is important. In later scenes, Nash is drastically changed and no longer scene as an outsider.This transformed personality is the result of careful and meaningful dialogue in the test. This would relate to Nash being much softer in the closing scenes towards both his wide and the wider society he lives in. This re-iterates the importance of language techniques and how they can be used to show a cha racters position amongst a community. Nash who in the beginning is established as an outsider, becomes a much more balanced man , involved in the Princeton community. Dialogue is just one of these techniques used to develop the character of John Nash effectively.

Technological Unemployment Due to Automation - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 682 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/05/30 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Unemployment Essay Did you like this example? Automation, historically speaking, has been the processes or procedures performed, in businesses like manufacturing, without aid from people. Automation or automatic control is the use of various control systems for operating equipment such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers, and heat treating ovens, switching on telephone networks, steering and stabilization of ships, aircraft and other applications and vehicles with minimal or reduced human intervention (Rifkin 66). As I have learned through my research, automation has impacted the business environment as early as Eli Whitney and the Cotton Gin. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Technological Unemployment Due to Automation" essay for you Create order Concerns over automation and joblessness during the 1950s and early 1960s were strong enough that in 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson empaneled a Blue-Ribbon National Commission on Technology, Automation, and Economic Progress to confront the productivity problem of that period†specifically, the problem that productivity was rising so fast it might outstrip demand for labor (Autor 3). It is believed that one day there will be fewer jobs for humans because of automation. President Johnsonrs commission took the reality of technological disruption as severe enough that it recommended, as one newspaper (The Herald-Post 1966) reported, a guaranteed minimum income for each family and two years of free education in either community or vocational colleges (3). Automation brings an understandable level of anxiety to the workers possibly displaced and to policymakers trying to lead the nation while maintaining a healthy and robust economy. In this paper, I seek to understand and explain why African-Americans should be concerned with the possibilities of technological unemployment due to automation. Automation is used today in several fields including manufacturing, home, and office. Some major companies in production, like Toyota, use automation to build vehicles. In the home Alphabet, the parent company of Google produces a home thermostat called Nest that allows homeowners to automate their heating and cooling needs. Lastly, Avaya Communications produces network communication systems for the office. All of these companies have experienced increases in productivity as a result of automation. According to the Bureau of Labor and Statistics (BLS), in 2016 African-Americans made up 12.3 percent or 19.6 million of the 159.2 total workforces (Rolen). African-Americans hold many different positions in our economy but an overrepresentation of employees in the public sector, federal, state, and local governments. According to the BLS, African-Americans comprise 20 percent of the workforce in the public sector and 7.1 percent of transportation and warehousing, and utilities (Rolen). Because of African-American over-representation in these industries, it is clear there is potential for African-Americans to be greatly impacted by automation in the public sector and the transportation industry. Trucking jobs have been an opportunity for black, Hispanic, and Native American workers, who have faced serious, race-based barriers to entry in other blue collar jobs and are now overrepresented in the industry (Marshall). Take the transportation industry, for example, Tesla Motor is set to begin production on an electric Semi capable of driving 500 miles on a charge while hauling 80,000 pounds of freight (Marshall). Additionally, the Semi truck is expected to be semi-autonomous, capable of driving itself on highways. When a fully automated semi-truck is thoroughly dispersed into the market, all driving industries could lose up to 300,000 jobs a year (Marshall). In addition to the trucking industry, Frey and Osborne (2013) found that 47% of jobs in the US and 57% of jobs on average in the OECD countries are at risk of automation. Even education, one of the most labor-intensive sectors, will most likely be significantly impacted by improved user interfaces and algorithms building upon big data. The recent growth in MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) has begun to generate large datasets detailing how students interact on forums, their diligence in completing assignments and viewing lectures, and their ultimate grades (Simonite, 2013; Breslow, et al., 2013). To my knowledge, I could find no study that quantified the effects of what recent technological progress is likely to mean for the future of employment of African-Americans. I conclude we all should be concerned about the impact of automation on labor. Technologies that are disruptive to their markets are guaranteed to cause some anxiety as we can predict more clearly which industries will be impacted but cannot predict those industries automation may create.